【非谓语动词经典讲解ppt】 非谓语动词经典讲解
一、什么是非谓语动词?
在英语中,动词除了可以作谓语之外,还可以以其他形式出现,这些形式被称为非谓语动词。它们不充当句子的谓语,但仍然具有动词的某些特征,如可以带宾语或状语。
常见的非谓语动词包括:
- 不定式(to do)
- 动名词(doing)
- 分词(现在分词 doing / 过去分词 done)
二、非谓语动词的分类与用法
1. 不定式(to do)
结构:to + 动词原形
功能:表示目的、将来动作、意愿等。
例句:
- I want to go to the park.(我想去公园。)
- She asked to speak to the teacher.(她要求和老师说话。)
常见搭配:
- decide to do
- hope to do
- agree to do
- be able to do
2. 动名词(doing)
结构:动词+ing
功能:作主语、宾语、表语等,表示动作本身。
例句:
- Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有益。)
- I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。)
常见搭配:
- like doing
- avoid doing
- suggest doing
- be used to doing
3. 分词(doing / done)
(1)现在分词(doing)
功能:表示主动、进行中的动作,常作定语、状语或补足语。
例句:
- The man sitting there is my teacher.(坐在那里的男人是我的老师。)
- I saw him running in the street.(我看到他在街上跑。)
(2)过去分词(done)
功能:表示被动、完成的动作,常作定语、状语或补足语。
例句:
- The book written by him is very popular.(他写的书很受欢迎。)
- She was surprised at the news.(她对这个消息感到惊讶。)
三、非谓语动词的常见考点
1. 主谓一致问题
非谓语动词没有主语,因此不能与主句的主语发生主谓一致的变化。
错误:He likes to swim and swim.
正确:He likes to swim and swimming.
2. 逻辑主语问题
非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致,否则需加介词或从句调整。
错误:The problem needs solve.
正确:The problem needs to be solved.
3. 动词后接不同形式的区别
有些动词后面可以接不定式或动名词,意思不同。
- like:like to do(喜欢去做某事) vs. like doing(喜欢做某事)
- remember:remember to do(记得去做某事) vs. remember doing(记得做过某事)
四、非谓语动词的常见题型解析
1. 单项选择题
例题:
I don’t know _______ about it.
A. to say
B. saying
C. said
D. say
答案:B
解析:know 后接动名词作宾语,表示“知道某事”。
2. 完形填空题
例题:
She stopped _______ and looked at me.
A. to talk
B. talking
C. talked
D. talk
答案:B
解析:stop doing 表示“停止做某事”,而 stop to do 表示“停下来去做另一件事”。
3. 翻译题
例题:
他被选为班长。
翻译:He was chosen as the class monitor.
拓展:He was chosen to be the class monitor.
五、总结
| 类型 | 结构 | 功能 | 常见搭配 |
|------|------|------|----------|
| 不定式 | to do | 目的、意愿、将来 | want to do, need to do |
| 动名词 | doing | 主语、宾语 | like doing, enjoy doing |
| 现在分词 | doing | 主动、进行 | sitting there, running fast |
| 过去分词 | done | 被动、完成 | written by, been done |
掌握非谓语动词是提高英语写作和阅读能力的关键,希望同学们多练习、多积累,灵活运用!
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