【初中定语从句讲解及练1(7页)】在英语学习中，定语从句是一个非常重要的语法知识点，尤其在初中阶段，学生需要掌握如何正确使用定语从句来修饰名词或代词。通过定语从句，可以使句子更加丰富、表达更清晰。本文将系统地讲解初中阶段常见的定语从句结构，并附上相关练习题，帮助同学们更好地理解和运用。
一、什么是定语从句？
定语从句是指在句子中起定语作用的从句，用来修饰前面的名词或代词。这个被修饰的词称为“先行词”，而引导从句的词称为“关系词”（如：who, whom, whose, which, that 等）。
例如：
- The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.
（那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的姐姐。）
这里的 “who is wearing a red dress” 就是定语从句，用来修饰 “the girl”。
二、常见关系词及其用法
| 关系词 | 用法说明 | 举例 |
|--------|----------|------|
| who| 指人，在从句中作主语或宾语 | The man who is talking to the teacher is my father. |
| whom | 指人，在从句中作宾语 | The boy whom you saw yesterday is my classmate. |
| whose| 表示所属关系，指人或物 | The student whose book was lost asked for help. |
| which| 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 | The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting. |
| that | 指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语 | The car that is parked outside belongs to my uncle. |
> 注意：在非正式场合中，有时可以用 “that” 替代 “who/whom/which”，但在正式写作中，应根据语境选择合适的关系词。
三、定语从句的结构
定语从句通常由关系词引导，放在先行词之后，构成一个完整的句子。结构如下：
先行词 + 关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分
例如：
- The man who is standing there is our new teacher.
（站在那里的那个人是我们的新老师。）
四、定语从句的简化形式（省略关系词）
在口语和部分书面语中，当关系词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。但要注意，如果关系词作主语，则不能省略。
例如：
- The book (that) I bought yesterday is very expensive.
（我昨天买的那本书很贵。）
- The person who called me is my cousin.
（打电话给我的人是我的表哥。）——不能省略 “who”
五、定语从句的练习题（共7页）
以下为部分练习题示例，供同学们练习巩固：
第1页：选择合适的引导词
1. This is the house ______ we lived last year.
A. where B. which C. that D. when
2. The girl ______ won the prize is my friend.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
3. The book ______ I read was very interesting.
A. who B. which C. what D. when
第2页：改写句子（使用定语从句）
1. He is the boy. His mother is a doctor.
→ He is the boy whose mother is a doctor.
2. The city is beautiful. I visited it last summer.
→ The city that I visited last summer is beautiful.
第3页：填空练习
1. The man ______ is speaking is my uncle.
2. The book ______ I borrowed is on the table.
3. The girl ______ eyes are blue is my sister.
第4页：判断正误并改正
1. This is the shop where I bought the pen. ✅
2. That is the man whom I met in the park. ✅
3. The students who are playing football are from Class 3. ✅
4. The cat which is black is mine. ❌（应改为：The cat that is black is mine. 或 The cat which is black is mine.）
第5页：翻译练习
1. 我们要找的是那个在图书馆工作的老师。
→ We are looking for the teacher who works in the library.
2. 这个房间就是我们昨天住的地方。
→ This is the room where we stayed yesterday.
第6页：完成句子
1. The man ______ (stand) at the door is my teacher.
2. The book ______ (write) by Mr. Li is very popular.
3. The girl ______ (help) me yesterday is my neighbor.
第7页：综合练习
1. 请用定语从句改写下列句子：
- She is the girl. She helped me.
→ She is the girl who helped me.
2. 填空：
- This is the place ______ I was born.
- The woman ______ is talking to the teacher is my aunt.
六、总结
定语从句是初中英语学习中的重点内容，掌握好关系词的用法和句子结构，能够大大提升语言表达的准确性和流畅性。建议同学们多做练习题，结合例句进行理解与记忆，逐步提高自己的语法水平。
希望本篇讲解能对大家的学习有所帮助！
